How to Make Interlocking Wire-Frame Models
21 Sep 2008

Interlocking Wire-Frame Models consist of 2D or 3D wire-frames that fit together in a symmetric fashion. Examples:

Five Intersecting Tetrahedra by Tom Hull at http://www.merrimack.edu/~thull/fit.html
Six Intersecting Squares by Jorge Lucero at http://www.ulitka.net/origami/sis.pdf
History

Tom Hull, Robert Lang and Daniel Kwan are leading figures in the design of Intersecting Wire-Frame Models. In 1999, Tom Hull discovered 'Five Intersecting Tetrahedra', a model which looks elegant and dramatic! Soon after, Robert Lang provided an exhaustive enumeration of all such models with equi-length edges! His articles also provide detailed instructions for assembly. Relaxation of the condition that edges be equi-length allows for many more designs — Daniel Kwan has created many such models that are visually as elegant as Tom Hull's original design. And there are many more to be discovered!

'Five Intersecting Tetrahedra' by Tom Hull

Instructions by Tom Hull. Folding individual units is straightforward. However, assembly of 30 such units is quite tricky. Thanks to Mark (extremeorigami) for the instructional YouTube video.

For fun, you may also watch a cool animation showing the assembly. Finally, there are VRML models by Carlos Furuti that help you to visualize the model in 3D.

Models by Robert Lang

A series of articles by Robert Lang narrates his technique for exhaustively enumerating all wire-frame models assembled from identical polyhedral frames (with minor restrictions on vertices and edges). Instructions for assembly are embedded here: Polypolyhedra Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3. For a quick review, see Slides from a Talk. One of Robert Lang's model is 'Six Intersecting Squares': Instructions by Jorge C Lucero are available separately. To visualize Robert Lang's polypolyhedra, VRML models by Carlos Furuti are available. Pictures of K2 and Makalu (two of Robert Lang's models) assembled by wolbashi (Flickr):


(K2)
  
(Makalu)

Models by Daniel Kwan

Four Triangular Prisms by Daniel Kwan Instructions: http://www.flickr.com/photos/8303956@N08/sets/72157600536875252/
Four Triangular Prisms by Daniel Kwan Instructions: http://www.flickr.com/photos/8303956@N08/sets/72157600536875252/

Daniel has uploaded Pictures and Instructions at Flickr. Since these are challenging to navigate, I have sorted individual models for you:

Four Triangular Prisms: Picture and Instructions: Part-1, Part-2, Part-3 & Part-4.

(Starburst) Six Pentagonal Prisms: Picture and Instructions: Part-1, Part-2 & Part-3.

Three Square Anti-Prisms: Picture and Instructions.

Five Truncated Tetrahedra: Picture — Instructions not available.

Four Irregular Hexahedra: Picture and Instructions.

Five Wrinkled Octahedra: Picture — Instructions not available.

Three Gyroelongated Square Dipyramids: Picture — Instructions not available.

Quadra-hadra-pudra-phedron: Picture and Instructions.

Umulius Rectangulum by Thoki Yenn

Umulius Rectangulum by Thoki Yenn at http://erikdemaine.org/thok/umulius.html

An intriguing model that gives the appearance of 3 inter-locking rectangles. Instructions.

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